Hindi Conjuncts (संयुक्ताक्षर) Rules with English examples

1. There are three types of conjuncts letter in Hindi. They are as follows:

a..Vertical-lined letters. (e.g) (प)pa, (म)ma, (स)sa
b.Right-curved letters. (e.g) (क)ka, (फ)pha
c.Circular letters. (e.g) (ट)Ta, (ठ)Tha, (द)da

When vertical-lined letters become conjuncts, its first half of that letter is written removing the vertical line.
(e.g)
a.त्+त=त्त-पत्ता-pattaa-leaf
b.स्+त=स्त-सस्ता-sastaa-cheap
c.त्+य=त्य-सत्य-satya-truth

2. When right-curved letter become conjuncts the right curve of the letter is stopped in the middle.
क्+या=क्या-kyaa-what
क्+म=क्म(हुक्म)-hukma-order

3.When circular consonants become conjuncts a little slant (हलंत) is used below them.
द्+य=द्य-dya-पद्य-padya-poetry
द्+म=द्म-dma-पद्मा-padma-lotus
ट्+ठ=ट्ठ-TTha-ट्ठिच-chiTThee-letter
ड्+ढ=ड्ढ-DDha-बुड्ढा-buDDha-aged person

The letter 'ra' (र) is of three types in conjuncts.
a.When "ra"(र) is comes first, the sign() is put on the following consonant.
र्+म=र्म-कर्म-karma-action
र्+व=र्व-पर्वत-parvat-mountain

b.When 'ra'(र) comes second, the sign () is put below the first letter's slanted left.
क्+र=क्र-शुक्रवार-shukravaar-friday
प्+र=प्र-प्रधान-pradhaan-chief

c.When 'ra'(र) comes in combination with circular consonants, the sign() is used below.
ट्+र=ट्र-राष्ट्र-raShtra-national
ड्+र=ड्र-ड्रामा-Draamaa-drama